Seeing him operating solely as a vengeful vigilante is a new kind of Batman on the big screen that should be very entertaining: a Batman unburdened by origins while not being fully developed either. It appears as though Bruce Wayne's evolution and growth into a hero has yet to come in The Batman, which is ultimately a good thing. However, it doesn't seem as though this early version of the Dark Knight has yet to achieve that balance, which is why the Bat-Signal in turn will largely exist as a symbol of fear, rather than one of hope as it is with versions of Batman who've been in the vigilante/superhero business for longer than Pattinson's. While vengeance is very much a part of who Batman is, it's always been balanced with a desire for true justice in a city that's full of darkness and corruption. This tracks with the rest of the footage seen so far with Bruce being an agent of vengeance, even scaring Catwoman with his brutality in one scene. ![]() It's a warning." In Bruce Wayne's mind, the Bat-Signal is meant to scare criminals and instill fear just as much as letting him know that he's needed. When that light hits the sky, it's not just a call. Related: The Batman Trailer #2 Breakdown: 37 Reveals & Easter EggsĪccording to Pattinson's Dark Knight in the second trailer for The Batman, " Fear is a tool. This concept is not only proven by the Dark Knight's brutality facing a gang of clowns, but also in a voiceover where Bruce Wayne references the point of the Bat-Signal as the GCPD's Jim Gordon turns the iconic light on. Furthermore, it appears as though this early Wayne is much more focused on delivering vengeance as opposed to justice. All rights reserved.As revealed in the second trailer for The Batman released during DC's FanDome 2021, the new footage shows just how brutal Pattinson's Batman will be. We propose that active BAT is a source of CXCL14, which concertedly promotes adaptive thermogenesis via M2 macrophage recruitment, BAT activation, and the browning of white fat.īeige adipose tissue brown adipokine brown adipose tissue chemokine macrophage thermogenesis.Ĭopyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. Impairment of type 2 cytokine signaling, as seen in Stat6-null mice, blunts the action of CXCL14, promoting adipose tissue browning. CXCL14 promoted the browning of white fat and ameliorated glucose/insulin homeostasis in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice. Cxcl14-null mice exposed to cold showed impaired BAT activity and low recruitment of macrophages, mainly of the M2 phenotype, into BAT. We found that the CXCL14 released by brown adipocytes recruited alternatively activated (M2) macrophages. Here, we identify the chemokine CXCL14 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand-14) as a novel regulatory factor secreted by BAT in response to thermogenic activation. Electronic address: beneficial effects of brown adipose tissue (BAT) are attributed to its capacity to oxidize metabolites and produce heat, but recent data suggest that secretory properties of BAT may also be involved. 7 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.6 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.5 Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.4 Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. ![]()
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